Disc Problems: What You Need to Know

Disc problems can sound scary — but they’re not always what you think. While some herniated or bulging discs can cause severe pain, others may not cause symptoms at all. Understanding the facts about disc issues can help you make informed decisions about your spine health and treatment options.

Facts About Disc Problems

• Not all herniated or bulging discs cause pain. In fact, many are asymptomatic and discovered only by accident on imaging [1].

• Surgery is rarely the first option. Most disc injuries respond well to conservative care. Studies show that up to 74% of back surgeries fail to provide long-term relief [2].

• Disc problems can worsen with time. Ongoing strain on the spine may accelerate degeneration if left untreated.

• An MRI is needed to diagnose disc herniations. X-rays cannot show disc bulges or herniations.

• Disc injuries often develop from cumulative stress. Misalignment of the pelvis, repetitive lifting, trauma, or poor posture can all contribute.

What the Research Shows

In one study of adults around age 45 who had never experienced back pain, MRI scans still revealed:

• 38% had disc bulges

• 37% had disc protrusions

• 11% had disc extrusions

• 4% had nerve root compression [1]

This means more than 60% of people may have some degree of disc changes without pain. The takeaway? Imaging findings don’t always match symptoms.

Treatment Options

The good news is that many disc problems respond well to conservative care:

• Chiropractic care: Gentle adjusting techniques, such as Cox Flexion-Distraction, can reduce pressure on discs and nerves.

• Pain relief therapies: Modalities like ice, electrical stimulation, or ultrasound may be used to decrease pain and inflammation.

• Exercise therapy: Disc patients often benefit from either flexion-based (William’s protocol) or extension-based (McKenzie protocol) exercises. The right choice depends on your individual case and should be determined by your chiropractor [3].

• Lifestyle modifications: Ergonomic changes, posture correction, and safe lifting strategies can prevent recurrence.

When to Seek Care

If you experience back or neck pain that radiates into the arms or legs, numbness, or weakness, it’s important to see a chiropractor or healthcare provider. Most disc problems can be managed conservatively, but severe cases may require co-management with a medical or osteopathic physician.

The Takeaway

A disc problem doesn’t automatically mean surgery. Many people recover with chiropractic care, exercise, and lifestyle changes. The key is to address the root cause early, restore motion, and prevent further degeneration.

References

1. Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, Malkasian D, Ross JS. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(2):69–73. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199407143310201

2. Nguyen TH, Randolph DC, Talmage J, Succop P, Travis R. Long-term outcomes of lumbar fusion among workers' compensation subjects: a historical cohort study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Feb 15;36(4):320-31. https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e3181ccc220

3. McKenzie R, May S. The Lumbar Spine: Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy. 2nd ed. Waikanae, New Zealand: Spinal Publications; 2003.